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Abstract

Linked, abrupt changes of North Atlantic deep water formation, North Atlantic sea ice extent, and widespread climate occurred repeatedly during the last ice age cycle and beyond in response to
changing freshwater fluxes and perhaps other causes. This paradigm, developed and championed especially byW.S. Broecker, has repeatedly proven to be successfully predictive as well as explanatory with
high confidence. Much work remains to fully understand what happened and to assess possible implications for the future, but the foundations
for this work are remarkably solid.