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Afforestation and reforestation activities enjoy high attention at the policy agenda as measures for carbon sequestration in order to mitigate climate change. The decrease of agricultural viability and the objective to increase forest cover in order to ensure soil protection, the supply with forest products and a reduction of forest fragmentation also trigger afforestation of former agricultural land in certain areas in Europe. But the establishment of new forested areas can endanger other environmental and social services, including biological diversity.
Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive approach to afforestation and reforestation, which should consider carbon sequestration, biodiversity
conservation, soil protection, as well as sustainable provision of raw material for forest industries and other goods and services in a balanced way.